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Thujae occidentalis                                with anti-androgenic mechanism. Consequently, it seems to
             Thuja occidentalis  L., white cedar or arbor vitae (family:   be important to investigate the identification and purification
          Cupressaceae) is a tree that widely used in homeopathy and   of herbal origin principles, which possess the most potent
          evidence-based phytotherapy. The trees are indigenous in   hair growth promoting or hair loss inhibitory activities.
          Eastern North America and grow as ornamental trees in   Moreover, it is necessary to get and know the mechanism of
          Europe.  The plant contains monoterpenoides, coumarins,   their actions.
                99
          flavonoids, lignans, reducing sugars, polysaccharides, minerals,
          free  acids  and  tannic agents.  T.  occidentalis  has  been used   REFERENCES
          traditionally for treatment of bronchial catarrh, enuresis, cystitis,   1.  Price VH. Treatment of hair loss. N Engl  Med. 1999;341(13):964-73.
                                                              2.  Saitoh M, Uzuka M, Sakamoto M. Human hair cycle. J Invest Dermatol.
          psoriasis, uterine carcinomas, amenorrhea and rheumatism. 99,100    1970;54(1):65-81.
          Moreover, previous in vitro studies demonstrated the inhibition   3.  Paus R. Principles of hair cycle control. J Dermatol. 1998;25(12):793-802.
                                                              4.  Lourith N, Kanlayavattanakul M. Hair loss and herbs for treatment. J Cosm
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          suggested as an effective agent in treatment of male pattern hair   5.  FUNG A, HSIEH P, KING W. Treatment of Hair Loss.  Special Feature.
                                                                2001;6(9):1-3
          loss disorder by varying androgen conversion. Fatty acids are   6.  Muller SA, Winkelmann R. Alopecia areata: an evaluation of 736 patients. Arch
          responsible constituents for this action. 41          Dermatol. 1963;88(3):290-7.
                                                              7.  Swedo SE, Rapoport JL. Annotation: trichotillomania. J Child Psychol Psychiatry.
                                                                1991;32(3):401-9.
          Zizyphus jujuba                                     8.  Gilhar A, Kalish RS. Alopecia areata: a tissue specific autoimmune disease of the
                                                                hair follicle. Autoimmun Rev. 2006;5(1):64-9.
             Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (family: Labiatae) is a spiny small   9.  Javadzadeh Y, Shokri J, Hallaj-Nezhadi S, Hamishehkar H, Nokhodchi A.
          deciduous  tree  or  shrub  that  is commonly  distributed  in   Enhancement of percutaneous absorption of Finasteride by cosolvents,
                                                                cosurfactant and surfactants. Pharm Dev Technol. 2010;15(6):619-25.
          Europe  and  Southeastern  Asia.  Established  phytochemical   10.  Messenger A, Rundegren J. Minoxidil: mechanisms of action on hair growth. Br J
                                                                Dermatol. 2004;150(2):186-94.
          studies about Z. jujuba mainly focused on roots, fruits and   11.  Rathnayake D, Sinclair R. Male androgenetic alopecia.  Expert Opin
          seeds showing the presence of  triterpenoid sponins,   Pharmacother. 2010;11(8):1295-304.
          cyclopeptide alkaloids, flavonoids and unsaturated fatty   12.  McElwee KJ, Shapiro J. Promising therapies for treating and/or preventing
                                                                androgenic alopecia. Skin Therapy Lett. 2012;17(6):1-4.
          acids. The fruits of Z. jujuba are edible and different parts of   13.  Rogers NE, Avram MR. Medical treatments for male and female pattern hair
                                                                loss. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;59(4):547-66.
          plant were used in various medical situations such as    14.  Shokri J, Nokhodchi A, Javadzadeh Y, Esnaashari S, Matin A. Formulation of
          anti-fertility, analgesic and anti-diabetes disorders. 101,102  topical finasteride and evaluation of its percutaneous absorption. Pharm Sci.
             The bark mixture of plant is used by local tribal people   2004;1:97-106.
          to prevent the pregnancy. The seeds of  Z. jujuba has been   15.  Trüeb RM. Molecular mechanisms of androgenetic alopecia. Exp Gerontol.
                                                                2002;37(8):981-90.
          used for its action on insomnia and anxiety because of their   16.  Rates SMK. Plants as source of drugs. Toxicon. 2001;39(5):603-13.
                                                              17.  Barnes PM, Powell-Griner E, McFann K, Nahin RL, editors. Complementary and
          significant effects on central nervous system. Additionally,   alternative  medicine  use  among  adults:  United  States,  2002.  Seminars  in
                                                                Integrative Medicine; 2004: Elsevier.
          they also have biological effects against fever, inflammation,   18.  Asnaashari S, Afshar FH, Moghadam SB, Delazar A. Evaluation of In Vitro
          weakness, hyperhidrosis, liver and urinary disorders,   Antimalarial Activity of Different Extracts of Eremostachys azerbaijanica Rech. f.
                                                                Iran J Pharm Res. 2016;15(3):523-529.
          hypertension, hyperlipidemia. 102,103  The essential oil of    19.  Kim YU, Son HK, Song HK, Ahn M-J, Lee SS, Lee SK. Inhibition of 5α-reductase
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                                                                2003;69(01):72-4.
          effect may be due to the presence of phenolic compounds and   20.  Shimizu K, Kondo R, Sakai K, Buabarn S, Dilokkunanant U. 5α-Reductase
          several fatty acids in the volatile oil. Its hair growth promoting   inhibitory  component  from  leaves  ofArtocarpus altilis.  J Wood Sci.
                                                                2000;46(5):385-9.
          effect is suggested done by testosterone 5-alpha-reductase   21.  Agrawal K, Singh K, Tandon S, Sharma S. Alopecia switch to herbal medicine. J
          inhibitory property. 42,103,104                       Pharm Res Opin 2014;1(4):101-104.
                                                              22.  Grant P, Ramasamy S. An update on plant derived anti-androgens.  Int  J
                                                                Endocrinol Metab. 2012;10(2):497.
          CONCLUSION                                          23.  Kumar N, Rungseevijitprapa W, Narkkhong N-A, Suttajit M, Chaiyasut C.
             Alopecia is one of the important and popular problems   5α-reductase inhibition and hair growth promotion of some Thai plants
                                                                traditionally used for hair treatment. J Ethnopharmacol. 2012;139(3):765-71.
          in dermatology.  Conventional management of hair loss   24.  Dhanotia R, Chauhan NS, Saraf DK, Dixit VK. Effect of Citrullus colocynthis
                                                                Schrad fruits on testosterone-induced alopecia. Nat Prod Res. 2011;25(15):1432-43.
          includes laser-light treatment, drug therapy, and surgical   25.  Roy R, Thakur M, Dixit V. Effect of Citrullus coclocynthis Schrad on hair growth
          treatment. These treatments are effective, but the potential   activity of albino rats. Australian J Medical Herbal. 2007;19(2):81.
          side effects of them encouraged the patients to use the herbal   26.  Cho YH, Lee SY, Jeong DW, Choi EJ, Kim YJ, Lee JG, et al. Effect of pumpkin seed
                                                                oil on hair growth in men with androgenetic alopecia: a randomized, double-
          products as an alternative remedy.                    blind, placebo-controlled trial. Evid Bas Complement Altern Med. 2014;2014:1-7.
             Additionally, finding the traditional use of medicinal   27.  Hong H, Kim C-S, Maeng S. Effects of pumpkin seed oil and saw palmetto oil in
          plants and their compliance with the modern science is one   Korean men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. Nutr Res Prac.
                                                                2009;3(4):323-7.
          of the subjects considered in recent years. From the above   28.  Suphrom N, Pumthong G, Khorana N, Waranuch N, Limpeanchob N,
                                                                Ingkaninan K. Anti-androgenic effect of sesquiterpenes isolated from the
          review, in most cases, there was correspondence between   rhizomes of Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. Fitoterapia. 2012;83(5):864-71.
          ethno pharmacological and scientific findings and   29.  Pandit S, Chauhan NS, Dixit V. Effect of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb on androgen‐
                                                                induced alopecia. J Cosm Dermatol. 2008;7(3):199-204.
          experiments demonstrated that the active components in   30.  Jadhav V, Thorat R, Kadam V, Gholve S. Kesharaja: hair vitalizing herbs. Int J
                                                                Pharm Tech Res. 2009;1(3):454-67.
          herbal medicines have been usually responsible for the   31.  Liu J, Shimizu K, Konishi F, Noda K, Kumamoto S, Kurashiki K, et al. Anti-
          biological effects. Natural derived structures such as fatty   androgenic activities of the triterpenoids fraction of Ganoderma lucidum. Food
          acids,  phytosterols,  sesquiterpenoids,  triterpenoids,   Chem. 2007;100(4):1691-6.
          secoiridoids and poly phenols are able to prevent hair loss


          Asnaashari—Herbal medicines for Androgenic Alopecia  ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES, JUL/AUG 2020 VOL. 26 NO. 4   33
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