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Table 1. Comparison of the Experimental and Control the study, they observed that music had positive changes in
Groups According to the Descriptive Characteristics of the the sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleep efficiency of the
Students older adults. Lai and Good also determined that music
31
listened to by older adults increased the sleep quality and
Control Experimental decreased the daytime dysfunction of older individuals and
Group Group provided a longer sleep duration and higher sleep efficiency.
Descriptive Sarıkaya and Oğuz determined that the relaxing tune Uşak
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Characteristics n % n % Significance
positively affected the sleep quality of older individuals
Gender residing at nursing homes.
χ = 0.265
2
15
Female 17 68.0 15 75.0 In a study of Tan, primary school students listened to
P = .607
Male 8 32.0 5 25.0 sedative music. At the end of the study, Tan determined that
sedative music had a positive effect on the bedtime and
Residence sleep quality of children. Harmat et al, on the other hand,
11
State dormitory 14 56.0 12 60.0 χ = 0.073 had university students with lower sleep quality listen to
2
Private dormitory 11 44.0 8 40.0 P = .787 sedative classical music. As a result of their study, they
determined that sedative classical music increased the sleep
X ± SD X ± SD quality and decreased the depressive symptoms of the
t = 0.615 students.
Age (y) 21.44 ± 0.86 22.20 ± 1.32 P = .437 De Niet et al determined that music-aided relaxation
24
Number of Individuals t = 0.583 had a positive effect on sleep quality in their meta-analysis
in the Room 1.41 ± 0.28 1.16 ± 0.26 P = .449 study on 5 studies and 170 participants. In their study,
de Niet et al recommended nurses to use the music-aided
24
relaxation method for individuals suffering from sleep
Table 2. Comparison of PSQI Pretest-Posttest Mean Scores problems. In their meta-analysis study conducted on
of the Students in the Experimental and Control Groups 10 studies and 557 participants, Wang et al determined that
29
music enhanced sleep quality. Wang et al also indicated that
29
PSQI music therapy could help to enhance the sleep quality of
29
Pretest Posttest patients suffering from acute and chronic sleep disorder.
Groups X ± SD XvSD The results of the study showed that relaxing music enhanced
Experimental 10.25 ± 3.59 5.05 ± 3.03 the sleep quality, which is compatible with findings in the
Control 8.56 ± 2.73 9.08 ± 2.91 literature.
t 1.790 -4.526
P .081 .000 CONCLUSION
Sleep is a complex, physiological, and essential life need
Abbreviation: PSQI, Pittsburgh Quality of Sleep Index. affected by pathophysiological, physical, psychological, and
environmental factors. One of the important functions of
nurses is to prepare a relaxing environment for individuals,
Figure 1. PSQI Pretest-Posttest Mean Scores of the Students to whom they provide care and fulfill sleep needs. As a result
in the Experimental and Control Groups of this study, it was determined that music therapy increased
the sleep quality of students. Being one of the
nonpharmacological treatment approaches intended for
solving sleep problems, music therapy is a pain-free, safe, and
affordable treatment method without any side effects that
could be used in every area of health. According to these
results, it is recommended to spread the use of the tune Hejaz
in individuals suffering from sleep problems and plan studies
for investigating the effects of the tune Hejaz on sleep among
different age groups.

AUTHOR DISLCOSURE STATEMENT
The sponsors had no role in the design or conduct of this research. All authors certify
that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any
financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed
in this manuscript. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants
included in this study.
Abbreviation: PSQI, Pittsburgh Quality of Sleep Index.

Kavurmaci—Music Therapy and Sleep Quality ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES, JUL/AUG 2020 VOL. 26 NO. 4 25